Telecommunications in the third transformation to try the frontiers of artificial

On June 29, MWCS after upgrade to a global event, China Telecom exhibition for the second time. At this meeting, Yang Jie, Chairman of China Telecom released the transformation and upgrading of China Telecom's strategy: to do intelligent integrated information service operator. This is China Telecom since 2004 after the first proposed strategic transformation, transformation and upgrading of the third. Hello Kitty Note 3 cases

2004 solid network business period, China Telecom conform to Internet development trend, proposed has strategy transformation (transformation 1.0) will Enterprise positioning for telecommunications full business provides who, and Internet application aggregate who, and Enterprise ICT service leading who; 2010 end of, with with mobile Internet times of coming, China Telecom proposed deepening transformation (transformation 2.0), adjustment Enterprise positioning for intelligent pipeline led who, and integrated platform provides who, and content application participants.

This time, with the advent of smart services, China Telecom's third transformation and upgrading of enterprises (transformation 3.0), focusing on the network of intelligence, business ecology, business intelligence, leading the digital ecology, leading intelligent integrated information service operator.

China Telecom said, will follow the intelligent development of information and communication industry trends and promote network intelligence, business ecology, business intelligence, network, business, operational, and management of intelligent refactoring.

This "smart" based on the digital, networked, cloud computing, big data, mobile Internet, Internet of things, extensive application of artificial intelligence technology as the main driver. Hello Kitty Galaxy Note 3 case

Premised on the need to achieve intelligent network software, virtual functions, universal hardware platform, and ability of the cloud network depth. On this basis, China Telecom provides integrated information services including the smart connection, intelligent platform, intelligent applications, as well as the depth of integration of the three forms of business ecology.

Source: NetEase

Yilong masike the next task is to build a domestic robot millet released today

Yilong·masike: the next task is to build a domestic robot

Yilong·masike, Amazon and others injected $ 1 billion to set up the non-profit organization OpenAI is an open source artificial intelligence, which recently announced its largest project to date, stand development of household robots will be freed people from heavy housework.

Elon Musk, Sam Altman, Ilya Sutskever, and Greg Brockton said in an article in the OpenAI blog: we are trying to make a physical robot to perform basic tasks. Although there are existing technologies to accomplish a specific task, but we are convinced that learning algorithm can manufacture enough reliable and universal robots to do the housework, robots are simultaneously tested AI platform.

Comment: housework so many miscellaneous things, some things robots is difficult.

Millet, released today by the smart bike

Just this afternoon, millet smart bike will be released as early as this Monday, @MIJIA meters official micro-blog on the warm-up in advance, today rice official micro-blog and brought a new notice, millet smart bike is true, once again, appeared in front of us.

Judging from the official disclosure of pictures, this millet smart bicycle picture, just after processing details are still unable to see, m the smart bike size is "mini" style routes, but did not rule out an effect causes the front provide lights, tail provides infrared or laser-like kind of sensors.

Intelligent is definitely the bike bonus, before exposure, body LED electronic display to show some data, we hope to bring some surprises.

Comment: do not know how big, suitable for short distance commuting to work.

Amazon releases new entry-level Kindle price 558! 499 old shelves

Yesterday, Amazon launched a new entry-level "Kindle" still called by that name. The new Kindle's biggest change is smaller, significantly narrowed the borders, especially at the bottom edges, to reduce overall dimensions from 169x119.2x10.15 mm to 160x115x9.1 mm, weight 190 g 161 grams.

Configuration, the memory doubled from 256MB to 512MB, run rate will be considerably accelerated, also joined the intelligent recommendation function, reading can be set according to the user level or English (such as TOEFL, GRE, 46) to evaluate and recommend suitable for reading books in English, new words prompted a thorough upgrade. The new Kindle is Amazon's website began for shipping on July 20.

Comment: white look good!

Win10 joined the NFC payment functionality Hello Kitty case for iPad

Microsoft on Tuesday announced that the Microsoft Wallet application users can now directly through the mobile phone close to the manner of payment of Terminal in store to complete the payment. Microsoft says this service initially in the United States of Microsoft-oriented Lumia 950, 950XL and 650 devices launched, support 100duowanjia retail stores. The application will be available to users through Windows Insider Program, not only the functions, it can also store and membership payments, so that users use their phones to scan the cards and view them directly on the phone.

Comment: Nokia was unwilling to give up.

Born for wearable device? New type of solar cell height can be bent

From Korea's scientists have created an advanced flexible solar cells, both thin and highly flexible properties, it can be easily bent around a pencil in the show. This new type of solar cell is only 1 micron thick, is Korea Gwangju Institute of science and technology research. 1 micron thickness means that it's thinner than a human hair, is thin compared to the standard solar cells more than 100 times.

Japan developed can find and destroy insects drone

According to foreign media reports, the recent Japan saga University and OPTiM Corporation have jointly developed a can discover pests at night and automatically spraying Agri of unmanned Drone. This drone using infrared and thermal camera locked areas for pests, targeted to them after spraying a dose of pesticide. Present Agri Drone unmanned aerial vehicles have been successfully completed in the saga of farmland testing, protect local soybean and potato crops from pest attack.

Wal-Mart plans to supermarket shopping cart into a robot

Recently, several media outlets reported that Wal-Mart is planning to integrate intelligent shopping Assistant to supermarket shopping carts. In fact, Wal-Mart seems to have put the action news that Wal-Mart has been cooperation with the Five Elements Robotics robotics company, this cooperation is intended to help consumers more easily push a shopping cart and shopping cart can also provide advice to the consumer.

It is reported that the robot not only for articles carried by shoppers also can follow the customer hanging. In addition, the robot also has a shopping function, shoppers simply send a shopping list Budgee, it can be located under the shopping list items and plan your shopping route for consumers to save countless troubles.

Comment: the supermarket lost star man of the Gospel.

/Topic/

# The old generation of programmers, you are doing #

Read the news, then to the "today" show. Today's topic from the true stories of several of the older generation of programmers, and in these more than 10 or 20 years see wind and rain they had; what programming languages used; do what products as well as their views on the job.

Ten years are like a day, always adhere to the first line. While in iterated in the wave of new technology, they remain full of enthusiasm from zero to study hard. Facing these people, feeling half, half of admiration.

When we are immersed in AI, VR and other new things, prolonged immersion in the chicken soup for the technical people that changed the world when it should focus on those closer to the life of people, where are they now, they are still writing code?

30 technology faith

I am 52 years old, more than 30 years of programming work. Since 1984 with the Fortran programming language, then went through Basic, c, C++, c #. Do is related to graphics, CAD, nesting, body surface measurements and processing, CNC machining passes.

In 2012 and his friends started a company, CNC system. Company size is very small, has experienced all kinds of afflictions, is fortunate, the company is growing rapidly.

CNC system development work is divided into 3 blocks: hardware, firmware, and software. Firmware is hardware MCU, DSP or ARM of the program, we used c programming. Software refers to computer Dot Net and Win32 applications with C++ and c # programming, graphics capabilities, and are implemented in the software. Development of firmware and software are managed by me, hit the hard stuff and personally fencing.

Because the obsession with technology, so focus on technology more than 30 years and there is no change management, accumulated experience in this area and increase capacity in this field. Due to his experience, so the company made at the institutional level technical positions special safeguards, not allowed to treat staff, hope that they can stick with for a long time technology.

Always stand on the front line

Is 50 years old, yet in line as a senior programmer to write code and test automation, also responsible for the testing and development of a new project of the company.

Just think of it as enjoying

I work in the programmer from 1988-present, basically all Programmer jobs are done, grew up to the architects, to the Chief Engineer Officer. And worked in enterprises of all sizes, from small companies to the Fortune 500. Now write the code best, and is currently a smaller companies smaller code workers who enjoy the happiness of programming.

Living museum

Our team of four people, one of 63 years old continues to write code,56 and 48 years old, two are the backbone of the team. I'm a 34 year old, the youngest. Front two are from the drilling machine began programming, PowerShell now slip away with the special.

This job has nothing to do with sex

As a female engineer, back in 2003, I was in charge of a model of a software system. Multiple software systems, including hardware (mechanical, electrical, core unit) transport control and data acquisition program, image display handler, data query system, user external data exchange program.

I am the project leader, is also responsible for controlling this part of the code, on the WINDOWS platform, C++, mainly write TCP/IP communications program and the serial communications, at the time the largest difficulty is a lot of real time data acquisition and display refresh, to run for a long time without losing data, handle the exception.

In addition to overall programme and module code, and is also responsible for the whole management work on the project, including testing, System testing, documentation and arrangements do not work I do.

And management, for the several departments, company's products are almost over, now in new business development, is looking for the next meal.

Pretty much like business, but good point, spending the company's money, using the company's name, the entrepreneurial team out and don't know how much more comfortable than that times and product departments within the company than to have a strong sense of good may be dissolved at any time.

With me, Director of the Division, until now in the core code, because I believe that good products need the best engineers, who is not in your capable.

When I visit the site last year, around 02 systems still in operation, happily grinning.

"The work won't let me write, I write from work"

Although a lot of people don't want me to write a program, but I never give up. Work to write, I write from work. Lead to dig a lot of holes to fill up, such as a recent mobile apps, meet their needs after it grounded indefinitely. Stronger than a decade ago is now doing language, at least three Japanese and English languages need not intervene independently of others. When only the Chinese version.

I have a senior, now is my administrative supervisor. In a large project known as the head of the three Musketeers, do not know have written procedures for how many years now. Hello Kitty iPad case

Naughty old hacker

My dad is in database, use the Fox Pro, a Fox's head, is said to have once had a old national road toll system is something he did. Later, he is always sleeping, along with regular Office let her daughters to origami airplane in the sky, so he was transferred to another Office, code is not in the computer center.

He is a civil servant, had not retired, drank tea, newspaper, asked me to make up beauty play Chase Chase, got a Twitter from the five hair with dry food (it is his own words ... ... ), And inmates were busy playing two three killed, three killed by their units are still in the League right now.

Well, to supplement his majestic feat hahaha when I was young.

Had and led fight black off has wage system, factory in half sent not out wage, I dad said is staff himself make bad has Lai to he head Shang, adjustable gang of when remote black back put important data by deleting off, received bit of people make indefinite has back find he, he attitude old high said you himself redundant data backup didn't do, that people asked redundant data backup is God horse things, he answered "cut, this are not know, to to to, units outside make a site, make Taiwan projector (that era good rare of) to you class. "

All units are known to have such a number, then the core data or return, saying it was restored.

A habit, an accomplishment

More than 10 years later, I'm still a programmer, should also be for another 20 years. I believe that, in time, writing program and not just a career, will also become an accomplishment, just like chess.

Micro slip on the line ring of friends hot reflects what value

Lei feng's network (search for "Lei feng's network", public interest) by the writer Liu Fei, former Hammer technology product managers.

These two days, app quietly launched a "ring of friends hot" recommendations, click the search interface can be seen. Gray are just some user testing:

Once inside you can see see a list of some articles, as shown in the following figure. These articles should be based on the user's personal preferences, friends recommended by preference and popularity:

Appears to be a petty act, but in reality is not simple. This means starting letter of information and information integration, all users from the earliest, slowly into the personalization and display of information flow. At least for today's headlines are bad news. Just like we often say that the dimension attack, who in the past have thought the nation's largest content platform, was embedded in a dynamic sharing of IM functions.

In my opinion, this is the company an excellent interpretation of the attention economy.

1

The "attention economy" is a more familiar word to everyone. 2013 in Tencent's wisdom Summit, out of control, and the author of, Internet observers Kevin Kelly presented a new generation of Internet audience will have four major trends, respectively on behalf of the carrier screen, represents interaction and dissemination of real-time sharing and represent the commercial value of the attention economy, and represents the flow of information. OtterBox iPad Mini Case

Micro-circle of friends is these trends a good note. We aren't just chatting on the app, we will run down the Home below the red dots, with various relatives, friends, acquaintances, colleagues, and strangers online stream, effortlessly smoothly like comments and sharing. Smart phones so we can do it at any time, we work on the subway, in the gap, on the toilet, in boring conference ... ... Pieces of all time, is sincerely dedicated to the app.

Smart-cool Penguin app statistics report released last year, the user opens the app more than 10 times a day or more, 55.2%.

If in the Chinese Internet life, app said he is the first to attract user attention, that no one would dare say that they are the second.

 This year's Spring Festival, PayPal "set Fu" marketing campaign has drawn heated debate and everyone discussed how to raise these character. This means PayPal trying to engage in social networking elements, and also show their coveted for payment transactions under the social scene. Let everyone in on PayPal for socializing, it is an attempt to gain more users ' attention, after all, than the app, PayPal open rate and time are too far away.

2

Nobel Laureate Herbert · Simon referred to the current economic trends, has also pointed out that: "with the development of information, valuable information, but attention. 」

Is no longer out of the Internet era. That time everyone's free time, and online resources are scarce, as long as the value of content, can have audiences. Now are from there to the stage, there is too much information, each piece of information you want users to notice.

According to statistics from a mid 2015, has more than 1.5 million of the APP on the App Store, Android market there like amount not less. These applications, each towards the user's time is actually the user's attention at this time.

In the design of products, there is a so-called "active" or "trigger point" concept. Is what we have tried to make the user aware of our products. Such as "fear of fire to drink Wang laoji" can make every time we eat hot pot or more hot stuff, is a cup of Wang Lao JI. Lonely in the evening might think of Mo Mo, want to go find a restaurant public comments to find domestic 58 city and second-hand information.

Remind users of themselves, enable users to focus on themselves, enable users to stick myself here, to allow users to effectively generate economic benefits. This is the essence of the attention economy.

Weather applications try to earn users money, it is always difficult to grab the user's attention to looking at the weather, and frustrated.

3

Based on the attention economy, attempts to do similar products in the Internet, since it is about friends hot, we have an app for example.

First, continuous with the function expansion of scene. If the scenario is right, you can try to meet user demand for more on products.

Micro letter of this is instant messaging, in the social scene, is also asynchronous communication needs (circle of friends)? If they have the synchronization of many-to-many communication demands (Group)?

Friends definition was originally just socializing, but in the social process we have to share information, the demand for information and ideas, it is not a tool to provide media (public)?

In the usual course of social, often trading will happen, it is not wired on the payment and transfer function?

Through a series of functional expansion, micro letter captures the attention of more users. Just like SMS communications, now called a mini operating system compared to the Big Mac, users spend time and of course quite different.

Second, continue to provide personalized content of interest to users. As mentioned in the preceding article, user patience now than in the past, if you were not satisfied with a product, not interested in the content, the minutes will be deprecated: too many choices. From another point of view, because of time constraints, less time spent on each product, efficiently obtain information that is most important.

My friend used to say in the NetEase news today's headlines to their shock. Several portals difficult hardships accumulated users and traffic, a personal recommendation is outstanding entrepreneurial team breezed to catch.

Like NetEase music recommendations for daily users excellent reputation, it can quickly based on a user's past records to find songs may be of interest, and often very accurate. Users no longer need to think ways to find their own favorite songs.

Known as currently the highest quality community, also in the excavations done a lot: popular, Editor, daily papers, Favorites ... ... But it was not enough. Many users were complaining about in his Timeline, always looking for topics of interest. Another example recently was the fire of answers and battle of values, clearly answers hold the lead in the excavation for home owners and content: it provides a lot of topics character collection, listen to function as well as popular recommendation.

Now, machine learning and personalized recommendation algorithm by engineer salary rises, whatever the content team has had enough attention.

4

Back to the circle of friends hot. As we all know, the app provides article search feature, circle of friends and the public, will soon launch a week friends select feature, users can easily view popular circle of friends in the last week. Later launched share music with your friends, you can filter out of the circle of friends of music. Obviously, these features bring friends closer to reading news and information platform, rather than a simple social networking platform.

Circle of friends is rewen further action. In the circle of friends in the hot, lots of news and information is not directly shared from a friend, but according to your personal history reflected in the behavior of interest, direct the whole micro-ecological hot topics of interest to you and you, bypassing the step before.

In addition, the app in your circle of friends in the heat with a personalized recommendation of content in the form. Compared to today's headlines, the app has the advantage of a massive social data, can take advantage of chatting friends even mentions of it in the process. After all, the most we, one with almost all our online credit payment card, the other is the app with us almost all social networking information.

Predictable is that friends rewen will be launched with today's headlines, the news client and the recommended application of the first gun of the war. Micro-quantity product, shows a horse too effect: everybody more time wasted on the app for a long time, the more you don't want to open another application and be familiar with the new features of the app, users almost as difficult to steal.

From an optimistic perspective, we get information, meet your requirements may be more convenient, the app world I feel. But may dangers will come: the app such monsters, knew too much about our personal privacy. It would be like big brother in the future?

Tips

Micro sweep sweep, author tips bar ~

1811 votes

Microsoft Surface Pro 3

Main light Office Sufi series third-generation products to market, is still a familiar shape, compared to the previous generation, reduce body thickness from 10.6mm to 9.1mm, whole body slim. Design, improved Type keyboard Cover, upgraded frame, larger screens, and refers to a traditional laptop. While the weight is only 800g, over the previous weight has been greatly improved, and Microsoft has been emphasizing lighter than MBA. Well if you want to buy, we must first consider whether to accept a resolution of 2160x1440 pixels, for 3:2 12-inch screen. OtterBox iPad Mini Case

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Can machines think Part two

In August this year, Lei feng's network in Shenzhen will hold an unprecedented global influence of artificial intelligence and robotics Innovation Conference. When Lei feng's network (search for "Lei feng's network", public interest) will be published "artificial intelligence and robot Top25 list of innovative enterprises". At present, we are visiting related companies in the area of artificial intelligence, robots, sift through them eventually elected to the list list of companies. If you want to join our list, please contact: 2020@leiphone.com.

Lei feng's network: the author should be benevolent people from bupt and cognition Lab (male: man machine and cognition lab). This article is about the exploration of the thinking part of the machine, part can be seen here: can machines think? (I)

Early research on the mind, basic is the feeling of introspection, this sentiment to build beyond psychology, independent of the physical world, characterized by dualism of matter and mind. By the 20th century, Behaviorism started becoming popular, not about subjective feelings objectively, observe the external behavior and tendencies, not the so-called psychological explanations. After the invention of the computer, especially the work of Turing, replacing Behaviorism functionalism, became the mainstream of mind and intelligence. Functions under the banner of computationalism to achieve the calculation to spy on cognitive function, remains the standard paradigm of artificial intelligence and cognitive science.

17th century United Kingdom philosopher Thomas Hobbes said: "thinking is computation".

Computationalism (computationalism) cognitive process understood as a calculating process, the so-called mental status, mental activity and mental processes is just calculation state, activities of the intelligent systems and calculation process in cognition is calculated. The cognitive computing called "computational theory of the mind" (the Computational Theory of Mind). It is generalized to compute the initial field, also known as special calculations.

Computationalism went on to enter the neighborhood to life. Mathematicians, computer construction of von Neumann, says: living systems can be seen as an automata, automata containing programs and data in two parts, according to programmed instructions for data processing. He proposed the concept of cellular automata, cellular automata depending on their surrounding relationships (input data) according to simple rules (programs), and decide the fate of its next (output data). Program algorithm for cellular survival and reproduction of individual life and cellular description of the ethnic characteristics of distribution data to life, as cells to organisms. People studying artificial life, understanding of natural life with a new perspective, that the essence of life, does not constitute a material life, but calculated. Gene science developments further enriching the life of computationalism. Gene is a program of biological cells, as well as cellular automata program about the variety, shape and fate. Information, algorithms and calculations become an important concept in understanding the nature of life.

Physics, believing that the world is a priori according to certain rules of movement, using mathematical formulas to express the relationship.

So calculation can reveal various forms and nature of change in the physical world. But things are not all like clockwork with a delicate structure, it is difficult for natural system centralized serial like a computer, and how do they work? S. Wolfram systematic study of cellular automata state changes, finding many complex patterns of the natural world, snow, rocks, and leaves, will have no difficulty using cellular automata mechanism to generate, they follow very simple rules for parallel computing, phenomena on Earth but different rules to automatically run. He would study the cellular automaton has written a thick book called a new kind of science, I believe this will be physical, chemical, biological and scientific mainstream have a revolutionary impact. Some calculations in physics, space-time is discrete, this world is not so much running in continuous time and space, rather than a myriad of individuals according to simple rules, spatio-temporal evolution of lattice calculations. Some people believe that the universe is a computing system, information is the source of all things, the history of the universe is continuous quantum computing process, the material is the universe of computer hardware, the mysteries of the universe program password.

Philosophical speculation is meditation different in the past, modern computer upgrades the thinker in the hands of paper and pencil, computationalism provides a versatile tool available for building a variety of functional model study status change in the calculation. It allows us to see and understand system status and change processes based on the material. Many of the past to explore the phenomenon, perhaps just system under the simple rules of evolution, emergence of macroscopic properties. In the modern era, computing has become with experimental and theoretical influences supports various scientific theories and research methods in philosophy became a look at a new conception of the world.

Biological and physical cellular automata and artificial neural network, which belongs to the Connectionist model of computation. They were the first to be studied is now a mainstream research in artificial intelligence. But in the last century, for a long time, known as "classical computational theory of the mind (CCTM)" symbol in the world. It constructed in the bright and modern mathematical logic Research Foundation, has a clear mechanism for context. It mimics the human reason, and heuristic search in predicate logic operation, by symbolic computation machine intelligence. This intelligent research based on logical reasoning and knowledge systems, making expert system in 70 and 80 a byword for artificial intelligence, and can read minds. At that time people believed that, in theory, as long as there is proper procedure, the computer can rational thinking like a person. Realization of machines with human intelligence, but an engineering problem.

80 when the study smart, look to the future with full confidence, philosopher John Searle used "Chinese room" thought experiment, challenge. Searle image simulation expert system for symbolic computation, said he did not understand Chinese, hiding in the room equipped with many words in the film, received Chinese outside note rules he has booked corresponding to the selected text in the piece, in response, will give people a feeling of thinking in Chinese. Computers, too, but according to the rule about characters, no matter how magical performance, in fact, not thinking.

According to symbolism thought AI was then built, that cognition and thinking of the basic unit is the symbol, symbols for knowledge according to the syntactic form strings expressed as propositions, cognition is based on the process of dealing with a string of formal logic, research how best to search the knowledge base for its solution. Searle questioned the soul through the mechanical calculations to describe.

He believes that thinking is not a simple logical operations, must be determined by intrinsic causal mechanisms and the power of intention to drive. When asked, when meat and steamed corn bread that tastes better, floating Chinese mind showing both images, aroma and flavor, driven by the preference intentions, organized into the language. Expert system and the Chinese room Searle, meat packages and Wo TOU are not really feeling, only syntax, in search of the best word answer. Although vivid, but not understand Chinese, no idea.

Expert system of researchers, human rational thinking is not according to Searle manner. When people ask what 1+2 How could think of an Apple and two apples, may also be recited answers. But the need for more rational problem, such as when asked 7x8, you are 99 table to answer. Scientific concepts, such as atomic, electromagnetic waves, gene, transcendental numbers, people are not direct emotional experience, all of this in the answer to question, is based on the book of memory and reasoning. Does this kind of work is also far from understanding and thinking?

However, Searle was the philosopher, his concern is not constructed according to scientific theory and logic reasoning, that is considered to be an objective scientific understanding of the world. He is concerned about is consciousness and thought, the interaction between the human heart and the external environment, which relates to the semantic content of perception, thinking about causal mechanisms and intentions in this process driven.

Searle said: the program is entirely in the form of work (words, syntactic); people's thinking is mental content (semantic, semantics); statement forms are neither by the semantic content, is not enough to determine the semantics of the content. Operation do not touch under the computer program language meaning does not constitute thought, also does not adequately reflect the idea.

Even if the knowledge base of the expert system, like the dictionary with sentence explanation of symbols, one integrated parsing and interpretation of their experience can be semantic. But this is only for human readers, so, the computer itself is just a formal reasoning tool, for a variety of strings according to the rules of syntax and logic symbols under operation, explained the sentence is true even for the knowledge base, the machine does not need not understand, is form of string processing, machine operation has nothing to do with the semantics of these strings.

Back said, abstract formal system does not, but the realization system of the machine is associated with the contents of the string. When answering reasonable questions, both humans and machines in the sense of an abstract machine is a form of reasoning, but to achieve the function of the system is different. In procedural terms, it is only logical analysis of syntax, search for the best answer. But run program of computer systems is by many door circuit composition, each string are has it physical state of meaning, this is a meet sentences expression of semantic, despite this semantic and understanding this statement of human interpretation different, but cannot denied computer systems of answers is in it of semantic interpretation Xia, according to best reply of "intention" drive, according to electronic circuit and computer systems Xia meaning of physical causal mechanism to operation of. Humans and computers, rational problems in analog form on such reasoning systems, although with different semantic interpretation, but the output should be no different. Intelligent judge should be neutral and not on human chauvinism, discrimination of different mechanisms and intentions. Michael Kors usa

But for emotional problems, answers to many questions is not logical, this need is the intelligent pattern recognition, for associate judge. System is clumsy and inflexible, and human performance difference is huge. In reply to reason based on the symbolism of the Chinese room could pass the Turing test, perceptual problems do not. Analyzing and processing for the input statement, associated semantic content causing the differences. This waited until the Connectionist machines appear to be cut.

Apart from Serre in philosophical questions, another challenge from mathematics of computationalism. Since the equivalent to the Turing machine of modern computers is implementing a formal system, Gödel's incompleteness theorem says, a self-consistent system contains arithmetic, some proposition cannot be proven, which means that the human mind can "see" a proposition true or false but cannot be proved by reasoning in the form. Therefore the human mind and cannot be owned without contradiction between knowledge systems in the form described. This does indicate limitations based on the logic of intelligent systems, AI Expert System stuck.

These "classical computational theory of the mind (CCTM)" challenge the background, is the era of computers can only play backgammon in the lab, and now more than 30 years, model regression of connectionism in mind, mainstream AI from symbolism, go to study in depth the connectionism on the mechanism of the machine. Its leading representatives are artificial neural networks, a neuron has input and multiple neuron connections, to their cumulative weight compared with the threshold, its function is to enter values in multivariate space, draw a straight line for a fuzzy judgement. Change connection input weights can be changed with this tendency. Neural networks are connected by the large amount of neurons, and linked the weights can be adjusted through the study of samples in order to network to maximize knowledge with these samples. Neural network learning was obtained as well as human, be able to extrapolate, from here, Lenovo speculated that "sensibility" cognitive abilities. In recent years, with the core of Connectionist machine intelligence has not lose human recognition sounds and images, beat humans in Board intellectual confrontation.

2014 United Kingdom University of reading held a "Turing test", Russia team developed the "Youjin·guziman" software, successfully passed the test, let 33% the referee believed it was a Ukraine 13-year old boy.

Some doubted, the artificial neural network is still not equivalent to the Turing machine implemented on a computer, please? In theory, it is still a form of inference system, how does it not limited by Gödel's incompleteness theorem? In theory, less semantic language forms of operation, will be as described in the sale, should have no essential breakthrough, right? The answer is "simulated". Here is the bit (bits) as a unit of operation system, and in the lower support for simulation of neural network system connections parallel operation. As the human brain at the lower level support logic simulation. Hand calculations and computer work in a finite world, but infinite worlds can be simulated. Cannot achieve unattainable to infinite in the finite world of things in the world, but with a limited number of counts, as well as the computer with limited circuit State, any function that requires precision analog expression of irrational numbers. Computer simulation of neural network system as well. Form action overlook semantics, but neural network system to answer questions, not just forms of operation, the system not only simulate the logical reasoning, also in lower-level simulation of semantic associations.

Searle laughed, as I said, I'm back in 1980 with "Chinese room" shows that the intelligent machines is just a mock up of the play. Copying and simulation are different concepts, "understanding" and "understanding analog" must not be confused!

This is plausible, but it is difficult to read between the lines. Metal artificial heart is simulated, and copied the heart function? Walking is usually implemented with legs of biological phenomena, the prosthetic legs are really going, walking or in simulation? Metal legs of the robot? Scientific classification of any concept is an abstract, grasp the nature of some of its common properties, and to ignore differences in detail. Some philosophers believe that if all properties are a concept depends on the functional structure, and not other details then copy with simulation and implementation of these same properties are the same thing. It would appear that the Turing test is already hitting intelligent nature. Calculation of no error in principle. As for Searle's Chinese room and symbolism AI unable to read minds, and it's only the limitations of formal reasoning system, able to pass the Turing test universal machine (Oracle machine) is not the case.

From an evolutionary point of view, the said function is not sufficient to establish the soul is also untenable. Because bio-dependent functionality to face competition on natural elimination, if the mind has nothing to do with the feature, how can it be in evolution, from low simple substances and be preserved?

Classical computational theory of the mind (CCTM) program in the form of symbolism is clear reasoning, people along the path of serial programs run, details the process of analysis to understand the performance of functions. Sharp makes it a research tool. Due to its limitations, and now mainstream turn to Connectionist models.

Connectionism achievement, micro-mechanism is extremely simple and clear, but a huge amount of units, complex connection, parallel computing, but let the people lost on the track and integrated. People know but don't know how, and also lost to development theory, can only be found in simulating natural crawl. Achievements on this path, technology breakthrough progress according to the trend, is not difficult to build a foot to stay human intelligent machines, but we lost the tool of analysis, in-depth understanding of heart problems is still at a loss.

"References"

1、Stanford Encyclopedia ofPhilosophy:The Computational Theory of Mind

2、Internet Encyclopedia ofPhilosophy:The Computational Theory of Mind

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2460 votes

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Can machines think

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Lei feng's network: the author should be benevolent people from bupt and cognition Lab (male: man machine and cognition lab).

Machine intelligence? Machine will understand? Can machines think? From the 17th century to today, every major breakthrough in machine functions, this question was asked again, but denied it had become increasingly difficult.

Alpha Go tournament with Li Shishi dust settles, chess fans and after the technical discussion, philosophical reflection. Overseas academic circles this calm, perhaps numb to it. Speech conversation technology, image recognition and intelligent service has now entered the daily life of people, thinking as far back as when you start the application of artificial neural network to re-examine the philosophy of AI cognitive. Some people in China also believes that the machines are just puppets, says this game is just a programmer and player, AI is better than a human is a joke. Its philosophical basis, mainly from the John r. Searle's "Chinese room" thought experiment.

Chinese room (Chinese room) is a United States Berkeley philosophy professor John r. Searle (John Searle) was designed in 1980 by a thought experiment (The Chinese Room argument), and his 1999 revision is as follows:

Imagine the following scene. There was a man only know English don't understand Chinese, and text in a box (for databases) and on how to handle Chinese characters using the word English manual (procedures) are locked in a room. Without the knowledge of the people outside the room, tucked a note questioning in Chinese (input). Persons selected according to manual instructions for it in Word, send the correct answer (output). This manual allows the bird-people, adopted the Turing test, understand Chinese, but he in fact knew nothing about Chinese.

Searle thinks the House computers and artificial intelligence, don't have to understand the meaning of the input and output character, albeit only in accordance with the rules mechanically characters, give people outside the impression one can understand Chinese, the Chinese room and computer did not thinking and understanding.

This is one of the most famous in modern philosophy thinking, he is able to pass the Turing test (Turning Test) of machine intelligence, caused wide discussion in philosophy and cognitive science. Now with a Google Scholar search for "Searle's Chinese Room", there are tens of thousands of results.

Chinese also have some discussion of this thought experiment, some people eager to design a machine cannot properly answer the question, trying to prove the machine intelligence will not overcome the human. In fact, this is a misreading of it. Searle's experiment is assuming that the system is able to pass the Turing test, in this discussion based on a philosophy of mind issue. Now machine intelligence technology development, confirms that the premise of this philosophy is nonsense.

Let us investigate in more detail the origin of the famous speculative connotation.

Can machines think?

Historically, Leibniz (1646-1716) with the mill's thought experiment (Leibniz'Mill) study on this issue.

If to thinking and perception of digital and mechanical movement principles to explain, this intelligent machine magnified many times, people just like to check into the mill, we can only find out parts between the drive and there are no parts to be able to explain the perception, such as pain, their combination of machinery must be so. Leibniz to oppose prevailing mechanical determinism, advocates dualism of matter and mind.

From the beginning of the information revolution, Turing thinking activities information flow according to the program. He envisaged a paper machine that can play chess (Turing Paper Machine, 1948).

If you have a piece of paper, write chess responses to all situations, people don't need to know the game of chess, as long as control instructions on the paper can play chess. The contents of the paper are programs, computers follow programs running like humans think chess.

In 1950, Turing published a landmark paper to the computer can think? , First put forward the "thinking machine" concept. He said, if dialogue through telex terminals with the other side, people can't tell there is a machine or a human? Then admit the machine intelligence. This test is called the "Turing test" (Turning Test). His mind in cognitive science known as functionalism.

The 70 's of the last century, computers became commonplace, Roger Schank at Yale University with "concept" technology to break down the statement, AI is considered background knowledge database can understand English. Chinese room Searle speculation against the intelligent interpretation of functionalism.

Searle constructed "Chinese room", imitating the Turing test, but inherited Leibniz's speculative study each component of this intelligence where one has understanding of himself, all the others are not the tools of life and mechanical operation, but it can show understanding of Chinese, and he does not know the Chinese language. So this is just a play.

Chinese room thought experiment think of macro-micro-mechanism and driving force, different micro-mechanism and driver might formed the same macroscopic phenomena, Turing, as long as the macro function is identical to human intelligence, we can use the word to describe this smart feature. As in a tournament in the game to talk about the skill level of the macroscopic tests, said the machine has a smart and necessary language dialogues as well. Sayre officials stressed that their internal mechanisms and indicate whether it has true intention, merely that the Chinese room dialogue function of simulation, does not have the capacity to understand this activity.

Searle artificial intelligence fall into two categories: that must be able to understand natural language, and mimic human behavior, machines with similar mental activity, known as the "strong artificial intelligence (Strong AI)" intelligent machines that only imitates functions not thought of as "weak artificial intelligence (Weak AI)". His model of strong artificial intelligence is enough to explain the mechanisms of mental activity. He then believes that research brain and mind-independent, the Turing test is not enough to establish psychological state without understanding or intention (intentionality), you can't say the machine will think, so there is no common sense thinking ability.

Searle reasoning directly to the conclusion that "realization of the Chinese room is not a strong artificial intelligence", General reasoning is "impossible through character actions, from the language of the form (Syntax), the semantic content (semantic)".

Philosophy is a concept, and its judgment in the name of truth or impractical from the authority. Philosophy is not like mathematics, the latter expression is the logical result of the agreement, by careful reasoning, can distinguish right from wrong, nor does it express like a scientific fact, his claim can be proved or denied. Philosophical significance is thinking of through polemical analysis to clarify ambiguities, inspired on the perception of the world.

Since 1980, philosophers, scientists began to publish in academic journals reviews, participate in discussions, Chinese room has been widely referenced. Most scholars do not agree with Searle. BBS editor Stevan Hamad said: "the vast majority of people think that the Chinese room thought was totally wrong. "No Chinese room thought, does not agree with the broadly divided into three categories: System response, robotic responses and negative responses. Searle decades compiling different opinions, sharp retort, promoted the soul-searching. Cath Kidston iPhone

In an earlier reply, is the largest "systems reply" point of view. They admit Chinese rooms of the operators do not know Chinese, but said that does not mean that one system does not have a understanding of the Chinese. Characteristics of the system are not able to refine the distinction to a part, it is produced by the overall synergy. Searle argued, the machine can speak Chinese, does not mean that it understands Chinese. I put everything in the room include programs, databases, manuals into mind, I was the system. I like the computer according to the procedure in my answer, act like Chinese, but I know that I still do not understand Chinese.

"Robot replies" agreed that Chinese room scenario, unable to speak or understand Chinese, like Westerners to never eat bread, database how to explain Chinese steamed buns, are not themselves seen, smelled, ate, did so with understanding, steamed bread can truly understand the semantics of the term. So they suggested that machine brains, wrapped in a have hearing, vision, smell, taste and touch sensor robot, let it walk in our world, then the robot feels, and will have a understanding. Searle thinks that attitude is no better than the "systems reply" clever, because all these sensors senses is just extra inputs, just as in the Chinese room, tucked into some other note on world knowledge, or the knowledge has been compiled into a database, in any case, me in the room, is still not understand Chinese.

"Denied replies" is completely not identity Chinese room of speculative enough to denied strong artificial intelligence, said Searle put room in the of all are loaded into mind, reference Chinese database in of knowledge, can fluent with Chinese answered problem, this case on like physical, and chemical most experiment we are didn't do had, most of vocabulary of meaning are is from books in the others of experience, but we are think himself can understanding these vocabulary and related statement, why put in also practices of AI Shang on no does? There are those who even believes that Searle's thinking from the wrong intuition, is like stepping into Leibniz's Mill, the intuitive does not reflect the macro-phenomena in nature. For example rotating magnets studied people can't see the light, but we can not deny that the light was electromagnetic waves. This thought experiment is like to slow the clock into the atomic scale, let us see the light. To micro-scale and slow process to understand "intelligent" and "understand" the macroscopic phenomena, human intuition is often wrong in the House. Searle to such criticism with "prisoner of ideology" in a nutshell. He said that does not clearly spell out what kind of system are, by what mechanism can export the mind, became convinced that the mind can from the system "emerges", is an entirely intuitive blindly confident about yourself.

Chinese room really is about the speculation on the philosophy of mind. It is Turing was the most extensive discussion of the issues, it is clear and pure cognitive science to philosophy on the classic.

Although the "Chinese room" thought is for artificial intelligence, its philosophical thinking very deep, most computer scientist and artificial intelligence expert, but I don't think that their work-related, not find any limitations in AI. They worked hard, developed with the input of human language and AI image recognition, which combined with humans in chess than winning machine. Artificial intelligence, whether classified as weak, like the zombies in the philosophy without a soul, or better than humans have their own consciousness, which in many intellectual activities will be stronger than that of humans is no longer speculation.

Guidelines for these smart ideas in the study of, what is it?

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2851 votes

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This is not a coffin it was the most comfortable bed

"A lifetime of revolution, when is the most comfortable? " Moschino S4 Case

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